A tunneling protocol refers to a network protocol that includes data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. In other words, it encapsulates one protocol or session inside another. For instance Protocol A is encapsulated within protocol B. In such case A treats B as a data link layer.

Tunneling is also used to transport a network protocol through a network which will not support it otherwise. Tunneling is also used for providing various types of functionality like private addressing. There are datagram based and stream based tunneling.

The examples for Datagram based-tunneling include L2TP (Layer2 Tunneling Protocol) , MPLS (Multi- protocol Label Switching ) , GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation ) , GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) , PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Portocol) , PPPoA (Point to Point protocol over Ethernet) , PPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM ) IP in IP Tunneling etc Stream based tunneling include TLS and SSH. Tunneling is also used for bypassing a system firewall.

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